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METALLIC ROOFING.

Patented Jan. 18,1887.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. T. W. HELLI'WELL.

METALLIC ROOFING.

No. 356,393. Patented Jan. 18, 1887.

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N V E N T0 R 3 W S)- By his Attorneys,

WITNESSES:

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UNITED vSTATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS W. HELLlW'ELL, OF BRlGHOUSE, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.

METALLIC Root-ING.

SPECIFICATION forming part; of Letters'Patent N0. 356,393, dated January18, 1887.

Application filed May 15, 1886. Serial No. 202,268. (No model.) Patentedin England March 7, 1882, No. 1,109, and April 30, 1884,

To all whom t may concern,.-

Be it known that I, THOMAS WILLIAM HELLIWELL, a subject of the Queen ofGreat Britain, residing in Bri ghouse, county of York,

England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inSheet-Metal Roofing, of which the following is a specification.-

lhis inventionis patented in Great Britain by Patents No. 1,109, datedMarch 7, 1882, and

ro No. 7,015, dated April 30, 1884.

My invention pertains to the covering of roofs with sheet zinc, copper,or other suita` ble metal or material.

It relates to roofs which have metal caps or d hoods covering theupturned edges ofthe metal roofing-sheets. Such roofs have beenAconstructed with raised bars or ribs extending down the pitch fromtheridge to the eaves, with the metal sheets laid on the roof between thesebars and having their lateral edges turned up against the sides of thebars. Over the bars and turned-up edges are placed the metal hoods orcaps by which the joints are made tight.

Myinvention comprehends certain improvements in the construction ofthese metal caps and their fastenings and in the connections with theridge-piece and the constructions at the eaves.

The object of my invention is to provide a construction of sheet-metalroofing by which all necessity for making holes in the roofing platesand caps shall be obviated, while at the same time the construction isrendered strong, durable, t-horoughly water-tight, and easy to lay.

My invention in its preferred form`is shown in Figures l to 9 oftheacconipanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a perspective view of part of aroof constructed according to my invention, being partly broken away andin section to show the construction more clearly. Figs. 2 and 3 aredetached views showing the formation of the ridge-ange. Fig. 4 is aperspective show- 45 ing the ridge-.flange and cap attached together.Fig. 4? is' a perspective view of the ridge end of the cap. Figs. 5 and6 are sectional perspective views of a fragment of the upper part of theroof next the ridge-piece,

tion.

looking from different directions. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of thelower or eaves end of the cap before being folded down, and Fig.-8 is aview of the same, looking from underneath after the eaves end has beenfolded tion, which is nearly the saine in the three j modifications.

Let A designate the roof or roof` sheathing or boarding, inade usuallyof wood; B B, the roofingl plates or sheets, of zinc or other suitablematerial; C, the ridge-piece, and D D the raised strips, laths, or bars,usually of wood, which are fastened on the sheathing A at intervals andextend down the slope of the roof from the ridge to the eaves. FFar'ethe metal caps or hoods which cover the joints.

The sheets of zinc are placed side by side upon the sheathing, theirside edges being turned up at right angles at h Inand sufficient spacebeing left between the sheets to admit the wooden bars D D between theseturned-up edges and provide for expansion and contrac- At the ridge theupper edges of the several sheets are turned up against the ridgepiece,and at the eaves their lower edges are turned down against the loweredge of the sheathing. rlhe wooden bars D Dare placed in the spacesbetween the sheets with their upper ends against the ridge-piece andtheir lower ends ext-ending to the eaves. These bars are fastenedv byscrews i i, inserted from underneath, or by any other equivalentfastening, by which they may be drawn down from underneath. l

To the bars D are fastened saddles E E at intervals, (or one continuoussaddle might be` used.) These saddles may pass over the top of -the bar,as shown in Fig. l, or under its bottom, as shown in Fig. 13. In eithercase they terminate in fianges j j on opposite sides,

extending down nearly to the sheets B B 'and 5 outside of the turned-upedges h I1. The saddles are preferably bent-from apiece of sheet metal,with theniiddle portion fastened on the top of the bar D by screws d,and extending lthence down on opposite sides of the bar rand terminatingat thetlangesjj. The metal caps or hoods F F are made of sheet metal,bent into the form of a gutter or channel, with their edges turned intoward each other, forming flanges k 7c, which are preferably slightlyhooked by the turning up of their inner edges.

The saddles are fastened to the bars D D, and the bars are placed on theroof, but are not drawn down closethercon. The metal caps or hoods F Fare then placed over the bars with their flanges 7c lr underneath theflanges j j `of the saddles. Thsis done either by slipping the c'ap overthe bar lengthwise or byspreading its sides apart laterally wide enoughfor its anges k k to clear the anges jj, and then closing them together.The cap F thus has its fianges brought into contact with the sur face ofthe sheets B B. After the caps are in place, the bars D D are drawn downtight upon the roof by tightening the screws i i, or other fastening,thus drawing down the saddles, and causing them to press down thecapsand bring their anges into close contact with the roofing-sheets,consequently clamping said sheets firmly in position and absolutelypreventing their removal, and at the Sametime making the roof-coveringwater-tight. The caps F F are preferably made the full length oftheroofing-sheets.

I will now proceed to describe the preferred construction at the ridgeand eaves, with referenceA to Figs. 1 to 9, inclusive. This ronstructionis designed to avoid the necessity for soldering the joints where thecap Fterminates at the ridge-pieee and at the eaves.

The ridge end of the cap IF is cut and has wings a a bent outwardly fromit, as shown in Fig. 4% Aiiangeplate, G, is made by cutting va. piece ofsheet metal to the shape shown in Fig. 2, and then doubling it down themiddle,

5o as shown in Fig.'3. This folded plate is then slid over the end ofthe cap, so thatt-he wings a a,

are confined between the two thicknesses of the pla'te, as shown in Fig.4. The end of the cap thus enters and tits into the notch or opening Z.The parts are held together by bending under the bars b b, as shown inFigs. 4 and 6. The plate G is formed opposite to the opening Zwithanother notch or opening, m, of such size as to admit the bar D and titover the sad 6o dle E next the ridge. This saddle differsfrom the othersin that it is made with a wing, c, as best 4shown in Fig. 9. When theplate G and cap F are in place, this wing c is turneddown over the plateG, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,

thereby holding the latter down in place. AS the saddle is screwed downto the bar D, it cannot lift, and it is consequently impossible for theparts to move or become detached. When the bars D D, caps F F, andplates G G are all in position, the ridge-capping H is applied, asvshown in Fig. l.

The lower end of the cap F, at the eaves, is constructed as follows: Itis first cut in the manner shown in Fig. 7, leaving a tongue, f, iiangesg g, and wings e e. These wings are folded in to come against the end ofthe bar D, the end f of the tongue f is turned up fiatA against theunder side of the tongue, and the.

flanges g g are doubled down over it, covering its side edges andholding it firmly in place. .Then the tongue f, thus stilfened, isturned down over the end of the cap, so thatit covers f the same andprojects beyond it, all as shown in Fig. 8. Fig. l shows the eaves endof the cap as applied to the roof, the tongue f being fastened by a nailor screw driven through it into tho sheathing A.

It will be observed that the constructions described with reference toFigs. 2 to 9 are made both strong and water-tight without-the use ofsolder. l

I will now describe a modified construction wherein lsolder 'is used incompleting the joints, referring to Figs. 10 to l12.

The upper end of the cap F is cut to form wings aa., asshown in Fig. 11.These are placed against the ridge-piece G,and the ridge` capping H isplaced lover them and soldered around its junction with the cap F. Thismakes a tightjoint at the ridge. At thelower end the cap F is cut toform a-tongue, f, andtwo wings, ce. These wings are turned in, as shownin Fig. 12, and the tongue sturned down, as shown in Fig. 10, afterwhich thejoints are soldered.

Fig. 13 illustrates a slight modification. lThe saddle E passes underthe bar D, instead of over it, and consequently does not needl anyfastening-screws. It extends up each side ot' the bar, between the barand turned-up 'edge h, high enough to clear this edge, and then downori-each side, outside the edge'h, and terminates in iiangesjj incontact with the flanges 7c k of the cap F. When l the screws t aretightened, the bar is drawn down, against the roof-sheathing, andthecapis thus pressed into close contact with the rooting-plates.

My invention is susceptible of various other modifications. It is notessential, for example, that the bars D be made of wood, nor thatl theybe distinct from the caps F, since the bars and caps might be identical.Neither'is the use of the saddles E essential, as their function issimply to afford a connection between the bars and the caps, so that bydrawing down the bars from beneath the caps will be forced down upon theroofing-plates.

IIO

Although I have shown only screws as the.A v

fastening or tightening devices, it will be understood that many othermeans of fastening may be substituted for them-such,fori.nstance,

as are generallyA understood tobe-their me A chanical equivalents.

I am aware that various constructlons 01?v sheet-metal roofin g havebeen patented wherein a' cap or grooved bar of wood or metal covers theupturned edges of the roofing-sheets, and is fastened down by screwspassed through it from above and screwing into the sheathing.

These constructions are objectionable, as leakage is apt to occurthrough the screw-holes in the cap. My invention dispenses with suchholes and avoids all sources-of leakage by. passing f the screws throughthe sheathing, tightening them from beneath.

I claim as my inventionl. A roofing consisting of rooti ng-sheets laidparallel with upturned edges, hollow arranged over said edges andextending down on both sides to the roofing-sheets, a longitudinal b'arattached to said cap 'and arranged in- 4 side thereof and between saidedges, and screws and adapted .to be tightened from beneath,

combined substantially as described. l

3. A roofing consisting of roofing-sheets with uptnrned edges laidparallel, a bar ar- -ranged between said edges, fastening devices Aforsecuring said bar to the sheathing, one or more saddles secured to saidbar and extending down outside the uptrned edges, and a.

hollow cap arranged to inelose said bar, saddle, and upturned edges, andhaving flanges entering beneath the sides of said saddle, combinedsubstantially as described.

4. A roofing consisting of roofing-sheets with upturned edges laidparallel, a bar arranged betweeu' said edges, fastening devices forsecuring said bar to the sheathing, one o r more saddles fastened to thetop of said bar and extending down on opposite sides thereof, outside ofsaid upturned edges, and a hollow cap'arranged to inelose said bar,saddle, and upturned edges, and having flanges turned inwardly beneaththe sides of said saddle, combined substantiallyas described.

e 5. In a roofing, the combination, with the sheathing and ridge-piece,of roofing-sheets laid parallel with upturned edges, and with theirupper edges turned up against the 'ridgepiece, ofV a hollow cap fastenedoversaid upl turned edges, extending/to the ridge-piece, and

formedv with wings or flanges turned outward- 1y ridge-piece and downaround said` cap and outside of said wings, and having a recessreceivingthe cap, substantially as described.

6. In a roofing, the combination, shldfthwwffoong-sheets la' parallel w1up urne edg s, ofa hollow cap fastened over said edges and extending tothe ridge-piece, ridge .end of said cap, and the ridge-capping extendingdown around said cap and covering said flange-plate, substantially asdescribed.

7. In a roofing, the cap for covering the upturned edges of theroofing-sheets, constructed at its ridge eiid with wings turnedoutwardly, combined with a flange consisting of a doubled plate cut awayon one side to admit the cap its folds, substantially as described'.

and the ridge-capping extending over the with the a flange-plate securedto the and appliedthereto with the wings between l 8. In a roofing, thecombination, with the roofing-sheets having upturned edges,ofthebarfastened between said edges, the saddle fastcned to -said bar and havingan upturned wing at the 'ridge end, theeap for covering said bar andupturned edges, and the doubled plate applied to the ridge end of saidcap and helddown by said wing being'folded over its top, substantiallyas described.

9,:In a roofing, the inverted-trough-sh'aped cap for covering "the'upturned edges of the roofing-sheets, constructed at its eaves endwith' lateral wings cut fro'm its sides andfolded inward, and with atongue eut from its top and folded downward over said wings,substantially as described.

10. In a rooting, the inVerted-trough-shaped cap for covering theupturned edges of lthe roofing-sheets, constructed at its eaves end withlateral wings cut from its sides 'and foldedinward, and with' a tonguecut from its top,"`with its end doubled under, its side flanges turnedin to cover the edges thereof, and the IOO tongue thus formed turneddownwardover y said wings, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed v my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

THOS. YV. HELLIWELL.

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